The Industrial Revolution in America


Also check the bibliographies for references on specific trades and metalworking and metallurgy.



No author. (1840). British mechanic's and labourer's handbook, and true guide to the United States. C. Knight and Co., London.

Abbot, Charles Greeley. (1932). Great inventions. In: Abbot, Charles Greeley, Ed. Smithsonian Scientific Series: Volume 12. Smithsonian Institution Series, Inc., NY, NY. IS.

Adamson, Rolf. (1969). Swedish iron exports to the United States, 1783-1860. Scandinavian Economic History Review. 17. W.

Alexander, John Henry (1840). Report on the manufacture of iron: Addressed to the governor of Maryland by J.H. Alexander, topographical engineer of the state. printed by order of the Senate. William McNeir, Annapolis, MD.

Allen, Richard S. (1967). Separation and inspiration, concerning the first industrial application of electricity in America. Historical Publication No. 1. The Penfield Foundation, Crown Point, NY.

Allen, Richard S. (1983). The iron industry of northern New York. Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin. 76. pg. 85-89.

Allen, Ross F., Dawson, James C., Glenn, Morris F., Gordon, Robert B., Killick, David J., and Ward, Richard W. (1990). An archeological survey of bloomery forges in the Adirondacks. IA, Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. 16(1). pg. 3-20.

Allen, Zachariah. (1832). The practical tourist. 2 Vols. A.S. Beckwith, Providence, RI. W.

Anonymous. (May 8, 1879). Pittsburgh: Its blast furnaces, rolling mills and steelworks. Iron Age. 8. pg. 1-3.

Ardey, R.L. (July 18, 1901). The history of the steel plow. Iron Age. 68. pg. 26-27.

Asher, Robert. (1983). Connecticut workers and technological change. Center for Oral History, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.

Backert, Adolphus O., Ed. (1915). The ABC of iron and steel. Cleveland, OH.

Bagnall, William R. (1971). The textile industries of the United States. Vol. 1. Augustus Kelley, New York, NY.

Baldwin Locomotive Works. (1923). History of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1923. Bingham, Philadelphia, PA.

Bale, M.P. (1913). Woodworking machinery. 3rd Ed.

Bardell, P.S. (1984). The origins of alloy steels. In: Smith, Norman, Ed. History of Technology, 9th annual volume. Mansell Publishing, London.

Barker, Elmer E. (1969). The story of Crown Point Iron. Historical Publication No. 3. Penfield Foundation, Ironville, NY.

Barraclough, K. C. (1984a). Steelmaking before Bessemer: Blister steel, the birth of an industry. Volume 1. The Metals Society, London.

Barraclough, K. C. (1984b). Steelmaking before Bessemer: Crucible steel, the growth of technology. Volume 2. The Metals Society, London.

Batchelder, Samuel. (1863). Introduction and early progress of the cotton manufacture in the U.S. Reprinted in 1969, Taylor, George Rogers, Ed. by Harper and Row, NY, NY.

Bathe, Greville and Bathe, Dorothy. (1935). Oliver Evans: A chronicle of early American engineering. Philadelphia, PA.

Bealer, Alex W. (1976). The tools that built America. Barre. IS.

Bedini, Silvio. (1974). Thinkers and tinkers: Early American men of science. Scribner, NY, NY.  Reprinted in 1989.

Bell, Daniel. (1973). The coming of post-industrial society. NY, NY.

Bell, Isaac Lowthian. (1884). Principles of the manufacture of iron and steel: With some notes on the economic conditions of their production. G. Routledge, NY, NY.

Berthoff, Rowland T. (1953). British immigrants in industrial America, 1790 - 1950. Cambridge, MA.

Binder, Frederick M. (1974). Coal age empire: Pennsylvania coal and its utilization to 1860. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg, PA.

Bining, Arthur Cecil. (1933). British regulation of the colonial iron industry. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA. IS.

Bining, Arthur Cecil. (1938). Pennsylvania iron manufacture in the eighteenth century. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, Harrisburg, PA.

Bishop, J. Leandar. (1866). A history of American manufacturers from 1608-1866. 3 vols.  Edward Young and Co., Philadelphia, PA. Reprinted in 1967 by Johnson Reprint Corp. vol. 2 and 3 IS.

Bixby, George F. (1911). The History of the iron ore industry on Lake Champlain. New York Historical Association Proceedings. 10. pg. 169-237.

Bober, Harry. (1981). Jan van Vliet’s book of crafts and trades: With a reappraisal of his etchings. Early American Industries Association, Albany, NY. IS(2).

Boileau, Etienne. (1268). Le livre des metiers de Paris. [The Book of Paris Trades.] Original is in the Bibliotheque Nationale de France.

Bolger, William C. (1980). Smithville: The result of enterprise. The Burlington County Cultural and Heritage Commission, Mount Holly, N.J.

Bolles, Albert S. (1878). Industrial history of the United States. Henry Bill Publishing Co., Norwich, CT.

Bourque, Bruce J. (1995). Diversity and complexity in prehistoric maritime societies: A Gulf of Maine perspective. Plenum Press, NY. IS.

Brack, H. G. (2006). Norumbega Reconsidered. Pennywheel Press, Hulls Cove, ME. IS.

Brack, H. G. (2008a). Art of the edge tool: The ferrous metallurgy of New England shipsmiths and toolmakers. Vol. 7. Pennywheel Press, Hulls Cove, ME. IS.

Brack, H. G. (2008b). Steel- and toolmaking strategies and techniques before 1870 . Vol. 6. Pennywheel Press, Hulls Cove, ME. IS.

Brack, H. G. (2008c). Handbook for ironmongers: A glossary of ferrous metallurgy terms . Vol. 11. Pennywheel Press, Hulls Cove, ME. IS.

Brack, H. G. (2008d). Registry of Maine toolmakers . Vol. 10. Pennywheel Press, Hulls Cove, ME. IS.

Brain, Jeffrey Phipps. (2007). Fort St. George: Archaeological investigation of the 1607-1608 Popham Colony. Occasional Publications in Maine Archaeology. Number 12. The Maine State Museum, The Maine Historic Preservation Commission, and the Maine Archaeological Society, Augusta, ME.

Bridenbaugh, Carl. (1950). The colonial craftsman. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.  Reprinted by Phoenix Books in 1966. IS.

Brooke, David. (March 1986). The advent of the steel rail 1857-1914. Journal of Transport History. 3rd. s., 7.

Brown, Carrie. (1997). Pedal power: The bicycle in industry and society. American Precision Museum, Windsor, VT. IS.

Brown, Carrie. (1999). Carriage wheels to Cadillacs: Henry Leland and the quest for precision. American Precision Museum, Windsor, VT. IS.

Brown, Henry T. (1868). Five hundred and seven mechanical movements. Brown & Seward, NY, NY. Reprinted in 1995 by Astragal Press. IS.

Brown, Sharon. (1988). The Cambria Iron Company of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Canal History and Technology Proceedings 7. pg. 19-46.

Bucki, Cecelia, et al. (1980). Metal, minds and machines: Waterbury at work. Prepared by Cecelia Bucki and the staff of the Mattatuck Historical Society. Waterbury, CT.

Burlingame, Roger. (1953). Machines that built America. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc.

Burn, D.L. (1931).  The genesis of American engineering competition, 1850-1870. Economic History. 2. pg. 292-311.

Calder, Ritchie. (1968). The evolution of the machine. American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc. and The Smithsonian Institution, NY, NY. IS.

Cameron, Edward Hugh. (1955). The genius of Samuel Slater. Technology Review, Cambridge, MA.

Campbell, H.I. (1936). Metal castings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, NY. IS.

Carnegie, David, with Gladwyn, Sidney G. (1913). Liquid steel: Its manufacture and cost. Longmans, Green & Co.

Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation. (1938). U·S·S carilloy steels. United States Steel, Pittsburgh, PA. IS.

Carroll, Charles F. (1975). The forest society of New England. In: Hindle, Brooke, Ed. America's wooden age: Aspects of its early technology. Sleepy Hollow Restorations, Tarrytown, NY. IS.

Casterlin, W.S. (1895). Forty years at cast steel and tool making. Scranton, PA.

Chahoon, George. (1875). The making of iron in northern New York Catalan forges. Iron Age. 16(7). pg. 7.

Chamberlain, John. (1963). The enterprising Americans: A business history of the United States. Harper & Row, New York, NY.

Chamberlain, John. (1981). Frontiers of change: Early undustrialism in America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.

Christensen, Erwin O. (1950). The index of American design. Macmillan Company, NY, NY. IS.

Clark, C.M. (1987). Trouble at t'Mill: Industrial archaeology in the 1980's. Antiquity. 61. pg. 169-179.

Clark, Victor S. (1929). History of manufacturers in the United States, 1609-1928. 3 Volumes. McGraw Hill, NY, NY. Reprinted in 1949.

Clarke, Mary Stetson. (1968). Pioneer iron works. Chilton Book Company, NY, NY. IS. Cochran, Thomas Childs. (1981). Frontiers of change: Early industrialism in America. Oxford University Press, NY, NY. W.

Colvin, Fred H. (1947). Sixty years with men and machines. Whittlesey House, New York, NY.

Colvin, William H. (1950). Crucible steel of America: 50 years of specialty steelmaking in the USA. Newcomen Society in America, New York, N.Y. W.

Conrad, James L. (1986). The making of a hero: Samuel Slater and the Arkwright frames. Rhode Island History. 45. pg. 3-13.

Conrad, James L. Jr. (1997). "Drive that branch": Samuel Slater, the power loom, and the writing of America's textile history. In: Cutcliffe, Stephen H. and Reynolds, Terry S., Eds. Technology & American history: A historical anthology from Technology & Culture. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. IS.

Conzen, Michael P., Ed. (1990).  The making of the American landscape. Unwin Hyman, Boston, MA.

Cooper, Carolyn C. (1987). The evolution of American patent management: The Blanchard lathe as a case study. Prologue. 19. pg. 245-259.

Cooper, Carolyn C. (1987). Thomas Blanchard's woodworking machines: Tracking 19th century technological diffusion. IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. 13(1). pg. 41-54.

Cooper, Carolyn C. (1988). A whole battalion of stockers': Thomas Blanchard's production line and hand labor at Springfield armory. IA, Journal of the Society for Industrial Archaeology. 14. pg. 37-57.

Cooper, Carolyn C. (1989). Making shuttles by machine at Wilkinsonville, 1825-1984. Report by the Museum of American Textile History for the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor. American Textile History Museum, Lowell, MA.

Cooper, Carolyn C. (1991). Shaping invention: Thomas Blanchard's machinery and patent management in nineteenth-century America. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.

Cooper, Carolyn C. (January 2003). Myth, rumor, and history: The yankee whittling boy as hero and villain. Technology and Culture. 44. pg. 82-96. X.

Cooper, C.C., Gordon, R.B., and Merrick, H.V. (1982). Archaeological evidence of metallurgical innovation at the Eli Whitney armory. IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archaeology. 8(1). pg. 1-12.

Cooper, Carolyn C., and Malone, Patrick, M. (March 17, 1990). The mechanical woodworker in early nineteenth-century New England as a spin-off from textile industrialization. Paper presented at Old Sturbridge Village Colloquium, Old Sturbridge Village, Sturbridge, MA.

Copeland, M.T. (1966). The cotton manufacturing industry of the United States. Kelley, New York, NY.

Copley, F.B. (1923). Frederick W. Taylor, father of scientific management. Vol. 2. NY.

Coxe, John Redman. (1812). The emporium of arts & sciences. Vol. 2. Joseph Delaplaine, Philadelphia, PA.

Cutcliffe, Stephen H. and Reynolds, Terry S., Eds. (1997). Technology & American history: A historical anthology from Technology & Culture. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. IS. Daddow, Samuel H., and Bannan, Benjamin. (1866). Coal, iron, and oil: or, The practical American miner: a plain and popular work on our mines and mineral resources, and text-book or guide to their economical development. Benjamin Bannon, Pottsville, PA and, J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA.

Dalzell, Robert. (1987). Enterprising elite: The Boston Associates and the world they made. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Dane, E. Surrey. (1973). Peter Stubs and the Lancaster hand tool industry. John Sherrat & Son, Altrincham.

Dayrup, Felicia. (1948). Arms making in the Connecticut Valley: A regional study of the economic development of the small arms industry, 1798-1870. Vol 33. Smith College Studies in History. Northampton, MA. Reprinted in 1970, George Shumway, York, PA.

Defebaugh, J.E. (1907). History of the lumber industry of America. 2 Vols. Chicago, IL.

DeGarmo, Paul E. (1979). Materials and Processes in Manufacturing. MacMillan Publishing Company, NY. IS.

de Tousard, Louis. (1809). American artillerist’s companion, or elements of artillery. C. and A. Conrad and Co., Philadelphia, PA.

Devanney, Joseph J. (Fall 1999). Henry Mercer and the Mercer Museum. The Fine Tool Journal. 49(2). pg. 5-7. IS.

Dickinson, Henry W. (1913). Robert Fulton, engineer and artist: His life and works. Publisher unknown, London.

Diderot, Denis. ([1751-75] 1959). A Diderot pictorial encyclopedia of trades and industry: Manufacturing and the technical arts in plates selected from “LEncyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts et des Métiers of Denis Diderot: In two volumes. Vol. 1 and 2. Dover Publications Inc., New York.

Disston, Jacob. (1950). Henry Disston (1819-1878): Pioneer industrialist, inventor and good citizen. Newcomen Society in America, New York, N.Y.

Dunwell, Steve. (1978). The run of the mill: A pictorial narrative of the expansion, dominion, decline and enduring impact of the New England textile industry. David R. Godine Publisher, Boston, MA. IS.

 
du Pont, Henry Francis. (1964). Winterthur portfolio: A journal of American material culture. Winterthur Museum, Winterthur, DE.


Durfee, William Franklin. (1893/1894). The first systematic attempt at interchangeability in firearms. Cassier's Magazine. 5. pg. 469-477.

Egleston, Thomas. (1879-1880). The American bloomery process for making iron direct from the ore. Transaction of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. 8. pg. 515-550.

Erickson, C.J. (1957). American industry and the European immigrant 1860-1885. Cambridge, MA.

Evans, Oliver. (1795). The young mill-wright and miller's guide. Arno Press, NY, NY. Reprinted in 1990 by Oliver Evans Press, Wallingford, PA. IS.

Evans, Oliver. (1805). The abortion of the young steam engineer's guide: Containing an investigation of the principles, construction and powers of steam engines. A description of a steam engine on new principles ... A description of a machine, and its principles, for making ice and cooling water in large quantities ... by the power of steam ... A description of four other patented inventions. Printed for the author by Fry and Kammerer., Philadelphia, PA.

Faler, Paul. (1981) Mechanics and manufacturers in the early Industrial Revolution: Lynn, Massachusetts, 1780-1860. SUNY Press, Albany, NY.

Ferguson, Eugene S. (1980). Oliver Evans: Inventive genius of the American industrial revolution. Hagley Museum, Greenville, DE.

Fischer, David Hackett. (2008). Champlain’s Dream. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY. IS.

Fisher, Douglas Alan. (1949). Steel making in America. The United States Steel Corp., Bethlehem, PA. IS.

Fisher, Douglas Alan. (1963). The epic of steel. Harper & Row, NY. IS (2).

Fisher, Marvin. (1967). Workshops in the wilderness: The European response to American industrialization, 1830 - 1860. Oxford University Press, NY, NY. IS.

Fitch, Charles H. (1883). Report on the manufactures of interchangeable mechanisms. In: Bureau of the Census: Report on the manufactures of the United States at the tenth census. Vol. 2. Census Office, Washington, DC.

Fitch, Charles H. (1884). The rise of a mechanical ideal. Magazine of American History. 11. pg. 516-527.

Flexner, James T. (1944). Steamboats come true: American inventors in action. Publisher unknown, NY.

Francis, James B. (1855). Lowell hydraulic experiments. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, MA.

Freedley, Edwin T., Ed. (1856). A treatsie on the principal trades and manufactures of the United States. E. Young & Co., Philadelphia, PA.

Freedley, Edwin T. (1867). Philadelphia and its manufactures. E. Young & Co., Philadelphia, PA.

French, Benjamin F. (1858). History of the rise and progress of the iron trade of the United States from 1620 to 1857: With numerous statistical tables, relating to the manufacture, importation, exportation, and prices of iron for more than a century. Wiley & Halsted, NY, NY. W.

Gardner, John. (March 1970). Cast steel. CEAIA. 23. pg. 6, 16. W.

Gibb, George S. (1950). The Saco-Lowell shops: Textile machinery building in New England. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Giedion, Siegfried. (1948). Mechanization takes command: A contribution to anonymous history. Oxford University Press, NY, NY. IS.

Gies, Joseph and Gies, Frances. (1976). The ingenious Yankees. Crowell, NY, NY.

Gilmer, Harrison. (1953). Birth of the American crucible steel steel industry. Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine. 36.

Goodman, W.L. (September 1976). Tools and equipment of the early settlers in the New World. The Chronicle. In: Pollak, Emil and Pollak, Martyl, Eds. (1991). Selections from The Chronicle: The fascinating world of early tools and trades. The Astragal Press, Mendham, NJ. IS.

Gordon, Robert B. (July 1982). The Metallurgical Museum of Yale College and nineteenth century ferrous metallurgy in New England. Journal of Metals. 34. pg. 26-33. X.

Gordon, Robert B. (1983). English iron for American arms: Labratory evidence on the source of iron used at the Springfield Armory in 1860.  Journal of the Historical Metallurgical Society. 17. pg. 91-98.

Gordon, Robert B. (1983). Material evidence of the development of metalworking technology at the Collins Axe factory. Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. 9(1). pg. 19-28.

Gordon, Robert B. (1983). Materials for manufacturing: The response of the Connecticut iron industry to technological change and limited resources.  Technology and Culutre. 24. pg. 602-634.

Gordon, Robert B. (1988). Material evidence of the manufacturing methods used in 'armory practice'. IA, Journal of the Society for Industrial Archaeology. 14. pg. 23-25.

Gordon, Robert B. (1988). Who turned the mechanical ideal into mechanical reality?  Technology and Culture. 29. pg. 744-778. IS.

Gordon, Robert B. (November 1988). Material evidence of the development of metalworking technology at the Collins Axe factory. Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. 14(2). pg. 19-28.

Gordon, Robert B. (1992). Industrial archeology of American iron and steel. IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology. 18(1/2). pg. 5-18.

Gordon, Robert B. (January 1989). Simeon North, John Hall, and mechanized manufacturing. Technology and Culture. 30(1). pg. 179-188.

Gordon, Robert. (1996). American iron, 1607 - 1900. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. IS.

Gordon, Robert B. (2001). A landscape transformed: The ironmaking district of Salisbury, Connecticut. Oxford University, New York, NY.

Gordon, Robert B. and Killick, David J. (Summer 1992). The metallurgy of the American bloomery process. Archeomaterials. 6(2). pg. 141-167. IS.

Gordon, Robert B. and Malone, Patrick M. (1994). The texture of industry: An archaeological view of the industrialization of North America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY. IS.

Gordon, Robert B. and Tweedale, Geoffrey. (1990). Pioneering in steelmaking at the Collins Axe factory. Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society. 24. pg. 1-11. W.

Graeff, A.D. (1949). A history of steel casting. Philadelphia, PA.

Greeley, Horace, Case, Leon, Howland, Edward, Gough, John B., Ripley, Philip, Perkins, F.B., Lyman, J.B., Brisbane, Albert, Hall, Rev. E.E. and others. (1872). The great industries of the United States being an historical summary of the origins, growth, and perfection of the chief industrial arts of this country. J. B. Burr & Hyde, Hartford, CT. IS.

Green, Constance McLaughlin. (1939). Holyoke, Massachusetts; a case history of the Industrial Revolution in America. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Greenwood, Richard. (1984). A History of the Blackstone Canal, 1825-1849. Report for the Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission.

Grimshaw, Robert. (1882). Saws: The history, development, action, classification of saws, etc. E. Claxton & Co., Philadelphia, PA.

Gundrum, Paul Thomas. (1974). The charcoal iron industry in 18th century America: An expression of regional economic variation. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.

Habakkuk, H. John. (1962). American and British technology in the nineteenth century. Cambridge, England.

Habakkuk, H. John. (1967). American and British technology in the nineteenth century: The search for labour saving inventions. At the Press, Cambridge, England.

Hall, John W. D. (1885). Ancient iron works in Taunton. Old Colony Historical Society Collections. 3. pg. 131-162. W.

Harbord, Frank W. (1904). The metallurgy of steel. C. Griffin & Co.

Harte, Charles Rufus. (January 1948). The early American iron industry. The Chronicle. 3(14). pg. 119, 122-125. IS.

Hartley, E.N. (1957). Ironworks on the Saugus: The Lynn and Braintree ventures of the company of undertakers of the ironworks in New England. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK. IS.

Harvey, David. (1986). A progress report on the reconstruction of the American bloomery process. Paper prepared for the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, VA.

Harvey, David. (1988). Reconstructing the American bloomery process. The Colonial Williamsburg Historic Trades Annual. 1. pg. 19-38.

Harvey, David. (1989). Replicating America’s earliest bloomery process, part one. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. 41(6). pg. 46-47.

Harvey, David. (1989). Replicating America’s earliest bloomery process, part two. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. 41(7). pg. 44-46.

Hatch, Charles E., Jr. and Gregory, Thurlow Gates. (July 1962). The first American blast furnace, 1619-1622. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 70(3). pg. 259-296.

Heaton, Herbert. (October 17, 1951). The industrial immigrant in the United States, 1783 - 1812. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 95(5). pg. 519 - 527.

Hey, David. (1997). The development of the English toolmaking industry during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In: Gaynor, James M., Ed. Eighteenth-century woodworking tools: Papers presented at a tool symposium: May 19-22, 1994. Colonial Williamsburg Historic Trades. Volume III. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, VA.

Hindle, Brooke. (1966). Technology in early America. Chapel Hill, NC. W.

Hindle, Brooke, Ed. (1975). America's wooden age: Aspects of its early technology. Sleepy Hollow Restorations, Tarrytown, NY. IS.

Hindle, Brooke, Ed. (1981). Material culture of the wooden age. Sleepy Hollow Press, Tarrytown, NY. IS.

Hindle, Brooke and Lubar, Steven. (1986). Engines of change: The American Industrial Revolution, 1790 - 1860. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. IS.

Historic American Buildings Survey. (1971). The New England textile mill survey. Historic American Buildings Survey, Washington, D.C.

Hogan, William T. (1971). Economic history of the iron and steel industry in the United States. 5 vols. D.C. Heath & Co., Lexington, MA.

Hoke, Donald R. (1990). Ingenious Yankees: The rise of the American system of manufacturers in the private sector. Columbia University Press, NY, NY.

Holoway, M.O. and Squarcy, C.M. (1961). Colonial ironworkers. In: A History of Iron and Steelmaking in the United States. The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, New York, NY. W.

Hopkins, George M. (1903). Home mechanics for amateurs. Scientific American Series, Munn & Co., Publishers, NY, NY. IS.

Hounshell, David. (1978). From the American system to mass production: The development of manufacturing technology in the United States 1850-1920. Newark, DE.

Hounshell, David. (1984). From the American system to mass production, 1800-1932: The development of manufacturing technology in the United States. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.

Howe, Henry M. (1890). The metallurgy of steel. Scientific Publishing Co., New York, NY.

Howell, Charles. (1975). Colonial watermills in the wooden age. In: Hindle, Brooke, Ed. America's wooden age: Aspects of its early technology. Sleepy Hollow Restorations, Tarrytown, NY. IS.

Hummel, Charles F. (1965). Winterthur portfolio, Volume II 1965. Early American Industries Association, by permission of The Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum. Reprinted in 1976. IS.

Hummel, Charles F. (1968). With hammer in hand: The Dominy craftsmen of East Hampton, New York. University Press of Virginia, Charlottsville, VA. IS.

Hunt, Freeman. (1858). Lives of American merchants. 2 volumes. Derby & Jackson, NY, NY.

Hunt, R.W. (1876-1877). A history of the Bessemer manufacture in America. American Institute of Mining Engineers. 5. pg. 207.

Hunter, Louis C. (1928-1929). Influence of the market upon technique in the iron industry in western Pennsylvania up to 1860. Journal of Economic and Business History. I.

Hunter, Louis C. (1949). Steamboats on the western rivers: An economic and technological history. Publisher unknown, Cambridge, MA.

Hunter, Louis C. (1975). Waterpower in the century of the steam engine. In: Hindle, Brooke, Ed. America's wooden age: Aspects of its early technology. Sleepy Hollow Restorations, Tarrytown, NY. IS.

Hunter, Louis C. (1979). A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930. Volume one: Waterpower in the century of the steam engine. Published for the Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation by the University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Hunter, Louis C. (1985). A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930. Volume two: Steam power. Published for the Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation by the University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. Hunter, Louis C. (1991). A history of industrial power in the United States, 1780-1930. Volume three: The transmission of power. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Hurt, R. Douglas. (1982). American farm tools: From hand-power to steam-power. Sunflower University press, Manhattan, KS.

Hutchins, John G. Brown. (1941). The American maritime industries and public policy, 1789-1914; an economic history. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Hutton, Joseph. (March 31, 1849). Condition and future prospects of the staple trades of Sheffield. Sheffield Times.

Innes, Stephen. (1995). Creating the Commonwealth: The Economic Culture of Puritan New England.  W.W. Norton, New York, NY.

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Jardini, David. (1997). From iron to steel: The recasting of the Jones and Laughlins workforce between 1885 and 1896. In: Cutcliffe, Stephen H. and Reynolds, Terry S., Eds. Technology & American history: A historical anthology from Technology & Culture. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. IS.

Jeans, J.S. (1880). Steel, its history, manufacture, properties and uses.

Jeremy, David. (1981). Transatlantic Industrial Revolution: The diffusion of textile technology between Britain and America, 1790-1830's. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Jeremy, David. (1990). Technology and power in the early American cotton industry. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA.

Jones, Franklin D. (1987). Modern toolmaking methods. Lindsay Publications Inc, Bradley, IL. IS.

Kauffman, H.J. (December 1969). Cast steel. CEAIA. 22. pg. 49-50. W.

Kaempffert, Waldemar B. Ed. (1924). A popular history of American inventions. 2 vols. C. Scribner's Sons, New York, NY.

Kebabian, Paul B. (1997). Eighteenth-century American toolmaking. In: Gaynor, James M., Ed. Eighteenth-century woodworking tools: Papers presented at a tool symposium: May 19-22, 1994. Colonial Williamsburg Historic Trades. Volume III. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, VA.

Kebabian, Paul B. and Lipke, William, Eds. (1979). Tools and technologies: America's wooden age. Robert Hull Fleming Museum, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT.

Keown, Samuel. (1985). Tool steels and high-speed steels 1900-1950. Historical Metallurgy. 19(1).

Killebrew, Joseph Buckner. (1881). Iron and coal in Tennessee. Tavel and Howell, Nashville, TN.

King, Clarence David, (1948). Seventy-five years of progress in iron and steel; manufacture of coke, pig iron, and steel ingots. Published for the Seeley W. Mudd Fund, by the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, NY, NY.

Kirkland, Edward Chase. (date unknown). Men, cities, and transportation: A study in New England history, 1820-1900. 2 vols.

Kohn, Ferdinand. (March 27, 1869). Iron and steel manufacture: A series of papers on the manufacture and properties of iron and steel: With reports on iron and steel in the Paris exhibition ... works in Great Britain and on the continent. Published by William McKenzie, London, Edinburgh & Glasgow. UK.

Kranzberg, Melvin and Purcell, Carroll W. Jr., Eds. (1967). Technology in western civilization. 2 vols. Volume 1: The emergence of modern industrial society, earliest times to 1900. Oxford University Press, NY, NY.

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